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Beyond Kubernetes at Modal: How to Scale 1 Million Concurrent Sandboxes in Seconds

InfoQ (AI, ML & Data)Published Sep 23, 2026

Modal engineers redesigned their sandbox infrastructure to support over one million concurrent sandboxes by replacing centralized Kubernetes orchestration with a horizontally scalable, decentralized scheduling system.

#cloud-computing #etcd #kubernetes #modal #redis

Beyond Kubernetes at Modal: How to Scale 1 Million Concurrent Sandboxes in Seconds

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